| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Heraclius the Elder ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Heraclius the Elder
Heraclius the Elder ((ラテン語:Heraclius); ) (died 610) was an East Roman (Byzantine) general and the father of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641). Of Armenian origin, the elder Heraclius distinguished himself in the wars against the Sassanid Persians in the 580s. Circa 600, he was appointed as the Exarch of Africa. In 608, he rebelled with his son against the usurper Phocas (r. 602–610). Using Africa as a base, the younger Heraclius managed to overthrow Phocas, beginning the Heraclian dynasty, which would rule Byzantium for a century. Heraclius the Elder died soon after receiving news of his son's accession.
==Origin==
Heraclius was of Armenian origin.〔Cameron, Ward-Perkins & Whitby (2000), p. 561〕 His origin is deduced by a passage of Theophylact Simocatta which considers him a native of Byzantine Armenia.〔Martindale, Jones & Morris (1992), p. 584〕 The passage reports "And so Philippicus had learned during his journey that Priscus had been accredited as general by the emperor (Maurice); on reaching Tarsus he composed messages to Heraclius which indicated that, after leaving the army, he should return to his own city when he came to Armenia, and surrender the army to Narses, the commander of the city of Constantina". Heraclius' own city is not specifically mentioned. Mary and Michael Whitby suggest that Heraclius was at the time the ''magister militum per Armeniam''. If so, "his city" was Theodosiopolis (modern Erzurum), the headquarters of the Roman forces in Armenia.〔Theophylact Simocatta III.1.1; ed. Whitby (1986), p. 72〕 As the chief military stronghold along the northeastern border of the empire, Theodosiopolis held a highly important strategic location and was fiercely contested in wars between the Byzantines and Persians. Emperors Anastasius I and Justinian I both refortified the city and built new defenses during their reigns.〔 Arakelyan, Babken N. "Հայաստանի Խոշոր Քաղաքները" ("The Great Cities of Armenia"). ''History of the Armenian People''. vol. III. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1976, p. 232〕
Nothing is known of the specific ancestry of Heraclius the Elder, but this has not prevented modern historians from speculating on the matter. Cyril Mango has supported a theory which suggests that he was a namesake descendant of Heraclius of Edessa, a 5th-century Roman general. A passage from Sebeos' ''History'' has been understood to suggest an Arsacid origin of Heraclius. This theory was strongly supported by Cyril Toumanoff, while considered likely by Alexander Vasiliev and Irfan Shahîd. John of Nikiû and Constantine Manasses seem to consider his son, Heraclius the Younger, to be a Cappadocian, which might indicate his place of birth rather than actual ancestry.〔Kaegi (2003), p. 21〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Heraclius the Elder」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|